Everything about The Mediterranean Expeditionary Force totally explained
The
Mediterranean Expeditionary Force (MEF) was a
World War I British Army headquarters formed in March
1915 that commanded all Allied forces at
Gallipoli and
Salonika. This included the initial naval operation to force the straits of the
Dardanelles. The MEF was originally commanded by General
Sir Ian Hamilton until he was dismissed due to the failure at Gallipoli. Command briefly passed to General
William Birdwood, commander of the
Australian and New Zealand Army Corps, but for the duration of the Gallipoli campaign it was General Sir
Charles Monro who led the MEF.
While the Gallipoli theatre was the only active
Mediterranean theatre, the MEF was used to refer to the forces at Gallipoli. With the opening of the Salonika front in October of 1915, the forces at Gallipoli were referred to as the
Dardanelles Army and the Salonika contingent became the
Salonika Army.
Once Salonika became the sole Mediterranean theatre the MEF was commanded by General
Archibald Murray who was based in
Egypt and whose command also involved defence of the
Suez Canal from
Turkish attacks. As the importance of the
Sinai front grew, a separate headquarters called the
Egyptian Expeditionary Force was formed (in March
1916).
Supposedly when the British
Secretary of State for War,
Lord Kitchener, was preparing the Mediterranean expedition he intended to name the headquarters the
Constantinople Expeditionary Force but Hamilton suggested this might be a bit of a giveaway.
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